{"id":896,"date":"2024-04-03T02:00:30","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T18:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.yiming1234.cn\/?p=896"},"modified":"2024-04-03T02:00:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T18:00:30","slug":"%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e5%8d%95%e7%89%87%e6%9c%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.yiming1234.cn\/index.php\/2024\/%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e5%8d%95%e7%89%87%e6%9c%ba\/","title":{"rendered":"\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5355\u7247\u673a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e0a\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u6709<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd9\u95e8\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u7f57\u5217\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u6da9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90fd\u662f\u4e9b\u5e9f\u8bdd\u522b\u770b\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b63\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\uff1a\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ALU<\/strong>\u662f\u7b97\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\uff08Arithmetic Logic Unit\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u51cf\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u5982\u4e0e\u3001\u6216\u3001\u975e\u3001\u5f02\u6216\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ALU\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81eaCPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u3002ALU\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u903b\u8f91\u95e8\u7535\u8def\u548c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ALU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cALU\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907<\/strong>\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u56fe\u7075\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90 \u4efb\u52a1 \u8fdb\u7a0b \u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c \u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u884c \u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 \u4efb\u52a1\u5207\u6362 \u65f6\u95f4\u7247<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u5207\u6362 \u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u884c \u4efb\u52a1\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362 \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fdd\u5b58 \u4e2d\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09 \u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6 \u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u62a2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u786c\u5b9e\u65f6\u4e0e\u8f6f\u5b9e\u65f6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5355\u7247\u673a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5355\u7247\u673a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\uff08I\/O\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5355\u7247\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u4f53\u7cfb<strong>\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u54c8\u4f5b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Harvard Architecture\uff09\uff1a \u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Von Neumann Architecture\uff09\uff1a \u5728\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u603b\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u9014\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7cbe\u7b80\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08RISC\uff09\uff1a \u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5177\u6709\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u590d\u6742\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08CISC\uff09\uff1a \u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u6162\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6839\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>8\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1a \u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6709Microchip\u7684PIC\u7cfb\u5217\u548cAtmel\u7684AVR\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>16\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1a \u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6709Microchip\u7684PIC24\u7cfb\u5217\u548cAtmel\u7684AVR XMEGA\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>32\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1a \u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6709ARM Cortex-M\u7cfb\u5217\u3001Microchip\u7684PIC32\u7cfb\u5217\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Arduino\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cArduino\u5f00\u53d1\u677f\u4e0a\u642d\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7a33\u538b\u5668\u3001\u65f6\u949f\u7535\u8def\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u5355\u677f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08Single Board 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